....HOW to calculate BE (base excess or deficit)? ....it requires to know pH, which stands for "potential of hydrogen ion" and is defined as the negative logarithm to the base 10 of hydrogen ion concentration. ....normal pH is 7.35 - 7.45 and the normal hydrogen ion concentration is 40 nmol/L. ....Base excess/deficit of +/- 2 mEq/L is normal. A positive number is called a base excess and indicates a metabolic alkalosis and a negative number is called a base deficit and indicates a metabolic acidosis. Base Excess / Base Deficit --------------------------- Calculation of the base excess or deficit is a way of quantifying HCO3 requirement! ...."Base excess is the quantity of base (HCO3 mEq/L) that is above or below the normal range of buffer base in the body (22 -28 mEq/L). This cannot be calculated from PCO2 and pH alone as the hemoglobin also contributes to the buffer base. One can use the Siggaard-Andersen nomogram to estimate base excess or deficit. Another
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...half life determines the duration of drug effect; half life = (Volume of distribution divided by clearance) x 0.693 Or half life = Time constant x 0.693 Or Time Constant = Volume of distribution divided by Clearance. 1 half life = 50% of the amount of drug remaining in the body. 2 half life = 25% of the amount of drug remaining in the body. 3 half life = 12.5% of the amount of drug remaining in the body. 4 half life = 6.25% of the amount of drug remaining in the body. 5 half life = 3.125% of the amount of drug remaining in the body. Time constant is longer than the Half life. In one time constant decreases to 36.8% (up to less than 50% - that is to say - one time constant takes longer time than one half life) But, if the system is about increase rather than decrease - it increases to 63.2% in one time constant. The time constant represents the elapsed time required for the system response to decay to zero if the system had continued to decay at the IN
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..."The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Gray and Bell invented the telephone independently." P.S. In order to date the invention or discovery, the simplest way is to post to one's own address; it gets dated - if "war" about who first ensues later. Invention can be at "ideation", "theoretical" or "Practical" level but for patenting it should be a marketable product or at least associated with a marketable product. Salman Rushdie could get his otherwise non-marketable expression "Naughty But Nice" by associating it with advertisement of a cream chocolate. Einstein could not get his equation E=mc2 patented because it is a concept. But, he could get his blouse design patented because it is a marketable product. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray_and_Alexander_Bell_telephone_controversy
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...Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) develops with tolerance and forgiveness; Emotional Intelligence (EQ) develops with adapting to the changing environment and Mental Intelligence (IQ) develops with repetition and practice. P.S. - ability to tell that two plus two is 4 implies Mental Intelligence (IQ); adapting to accept that 2 + 2 can be 5 is Emotional Intelligence (EQ) (put 2 mice in a box and 2 more mice in the same box, upon opening after a month, there can be 5 mice, isn't it?) and Spiritual Intelligence implies 2 + 2 can be infinity - soul out of the body wandering in the Universe - relieved from the materialistic world - ready to tolerate and forgive because own existence can be equal to Zero without the body which will perish and the soul will be released to the infinite Universe. Autobiography of a yogi: https://www.ananda.org/free-inspiration/books/autobiography-of-a-yogi/
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...better to match the seizure with enough oxygen - it is like a brain stimulant - can have great creative power. P.S. - better to harness the creative potential during the lucid period. Probably, epileptic patients be given "home oxygen" to avail during seizure attacks because during such excessive electrical discharge more oxygen is needed to prevent anaerobic metabolism and the resulting brain oedema causing brain cell death eventually. How to prevent seizures: http://www.everydayhealth.com/epilepsy/preventing-epilepsy-seizures.aspx