...SMOKING is a slow killer. One has to pay the price for kissing the lady nicotine!
P.S. QUITTING smoking doesn't help much after several years of smoking, though oxygenation might improve. The damage caused to the Lungs is extremely slow to repair even after quitting and the patient develops COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD includes both bronchitis and emphysema. Asthma is a separate entity, which is more readily reversible bronchial obstruction with the use of bronchodilators and removal of precipitating factors.
Eventually, COPD leads to development of Corpulmonale - right sided heart failure due to lung disease. Blood flow to the Lungs decreases due to alveolar damage and inflammatory changes in the surrounding blood vessels. The Lungs offer lot of resistance to blood flow and eventually, the right ventricle and right atrium enlarge, get hypertrophied and are unable to pump blood into the Lungs efficiently, thus the back pressure of blood causes pooling of blood in the peripheral systemic vasculature causing pedal, sacral oedema and liver congestion.
Such a patient can easily catch chest infection by the usual bacteria, fungus and even tuberculosis - further complicating oxygenation and ventilation- requiring BiPAP - Bilevel Positive Pressure Ventilation- to wash out the accumulated carbon dioxide and to reverse respiratory acidosis.
BiPAP mode of ventilation is a boon for such COPD patients and some can even afford to have the machine at home and sleep with BiPAP face mask attached over the nose and mouth. It has two settings instead of one in CPAP - Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation. The two settings are separately for inspiration and expiration unlike in CPAP. Initially, the inspiratory pressure is set at 15 -20 cm H2O (mbar) and the PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) at 5 cm H2O (about one fourth of the inspiratory). Actually, the problem with the CPAP was that the one setting of pressure was for both inspiration and expiration - pressure for inspiration was fine to drive in the air or oxygen but that high pressure of about 15-20 cm H2O was too high to exhale out fully. That's why CPAP was good for oxygenation but not for ventilating out the accumulated carbon dioxide. BiPAP has increased patient comfort by aiding exhalation at low pressure of say 5 cm H2O, while driving into the Lungs the air or oxygen at say 15-20 cm H2O for washing out carbon dioxide.
Once the damaged lungs (COPD) begin to damage the heart (corpulmonale), generalised oedema (anasarca) develops and atrium begins to show up fibrillation - risking blood clot formation in the atrium, which might cause pulmonary embolism.
The following drugs might be used in this clinical setting of COPD developing into Corpulmonale and catching tuberculosis; getting complicated with atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischemia and anasarca.
...AKURIT 3 TABLET is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. ... is a combination of three medicines: Rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol which treat tuberculosis.
Manufacturer: LUPIN
Composition: Ethambutol 275 MG+Isoniazid (INH) 75 MG+Rifampicin 150 MG
(IRE = Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol)
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/akurit-3-tablet-151117/amp
---------------------------------------
... Esofag L 75 mg/40 mg Capsule is used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (acid reflux). It is to be taken empty stomach. ... is a combination of two medicines: Levosulpiride and Esomeprazole.
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/esofag-l-75-mg-40-mg-capsule-153814/amp
---------------------------------
...Benadon 40 mg Tablet is a naturally occurring form of vitamin B6. (Pyridoxine)
It is used for the treatment and prevention of vitamin B6 deficiency (both drug-induced and dietary. It is also used for the treatment of anaemia in adults and for vitamin B6-dependent seizures in children.
https://www.practo.com/medicine-info/amp/benadon-40-mg-tablet-45594
--------------------------------
...Lanoxin 0.25 MG Tablet
Manufacture -Glaxosmithkline
Composition- Digoxin
It is used to treat heart failure and irregular heartbeats. It should be started at lower doses and increased gradually. Close monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate is necessary. Check the electrolytes level before initiating the treatment.
https://www.practo.com/medicine-info/amp/lanoxin-025-mg-tablet-32276
---------------------------------
...Acitrom 1 mg Tablet is an anticoagulant or blood thinner which is used in the treatment and prevention of abnormal blood clots. ...
The active ingredient in Acitrom Tablets is Acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant (also known as a “blood thinner”). It inhibits the reduction of vitamin K and interferes with functioning of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (2,7,9,10), thereby preventing formation of clots.
https://cashkaro.com/blog/acitrom-uses-dosage-side-effects-precautions-more/25801
---------------------------------
...ENOXAPARIN - INJECTION (Lovenox)
Enoxaparin is used to prevent deep venous thrombosis, a condition in which harmful blood clots form in the blood vessels of the legs.
Enoxaparin (By injection)
Prevents and treats blood clots. Also treats heart attacks. This medicine is a blood thinner. It is a type of heparin.
These blood clots can travel to the lungs and can become lodged in the blood vessels of the lungs, causing a condition called pulmonary embolism.
This medicine is used for several days after hip or knee replacement surgery.
Anticoagulant:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0010108/
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3475/enoxaparin-subcutaneous/details
---------------------------------
...Pulmocef 500 MG Tablet is an anti- biotic drug that a part of the class of medicines called cephalosporin. ...
Pulmocef 500 MG Tablet
Manufacturer: Micro Labs Ltd
Medicine composition: Cefuroxime
This broad spectrum antibiotic is useful in treating a wide variety of infections that are caused by bacteria. It is used in the treatment of conditions such as acute or chronic bronchitis, tonsillitis, Lyme disease, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, pneumonia, laryngitis, sinusitis and urinary tract infections. This drug is also used to treat bacterial infections of the throat, cervix, pelvis, urethra, skin, middle ear and nasal passage.
https://www.lybrate.com/amp/medicine/pulmocef-500-mg-tablet
---------------------------------
...Protera 40 mg Tablet is used in the treatment of acidity, peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (acid reflux). It is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
Protera 40 mg Tableticon
Lupin Ltd
Composition for Protera 40 mg Tablet Pantoprazole (40mg)
Primary uses of Protera 40 mg Tablet
Acidity, Peptic ulcer disease, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Acid reflux)
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/protera-40mg-tablet-416405/amp
---------------------------------
...Duolin Respules 2.5Ml, is a short acting adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – COPD in short and asthma.
The medication is also used for constriction of airways, lungs inflammation and other related conditions.
Duolin Respules 2.5Ml
Manufacturer: Cipla Ltd
Medicine composition: Levosalbutamol, Ipratropium
This works by relaxing smooth muscles in the bronchial tubes and thus helps in shortening or reversing an acute attack of shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing.
https://www.lybrate.com/amp/medicine/duolin-respules-2-5ml
----------------------------------
...Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2ml is used in the treatment of asthma.. It ‘dampens down’ inflammation in the lungs to provide long-term (maintenance) treatment of asthma and prevent disease progression.
Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2mlicon
Cipla Ltd
Composition for Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2mlBudesonide (0.5mg)
Primary uses of Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2ml. Asthma
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/budecort-0.5mg-respules-2ml-351796/amp
---------------------------------
...RCINEX 600MG TABLET
Manufacturer: LUPIN
Composition: Isoniazid (INH) 300 MG+Rifampicin 600 MG
Form: TABLET
R Cinex (600mg) is an antibiotic agent, prescribed for tuberculosis (TB) either alone or with other medications. It works by killing the tubercle bacillus (TB).
This medication is an antibiotic agent, prescribed for tuberculosis (TB) either alone or with other medications.
R Cinex 600 Mg/300 Mg Tablet
R Cinex 100 Mg/50 Mg Tablet
R Cinex Suspension
https://www.myupchar.com/medicine/r-cinex-p37108990
https://www.medplusmart.com/product/RCINEX-600MG-TABLET/RCIN0007
---------------------------
COPD:
https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html
BiPAP:
https://fpnotebook.com/mobile/Lung/Procedure/Bp1.htm
Atrial Fibrillation:
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/What-is-Atrial-Fibrillation-AFib-or-AF_UCM_423748_Article.jsp#mainContent
Blood Thinners:
https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin:
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/98/15/1575
All you need to know about tuberculosis:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8856.php
cor-pulmonale:
https://www.healthline.com/health/cor-pulmonale
P.S. QUITTING smoking doesn't help much after several years of smoking, though oxygenation might improve. The damage caused to the Lungs is extremely slow to repair even after quitting and the patient develops COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD includes both bronchitis and emphysema. Asthma is a separate entity, which is more readily reversible bronchial obstruction with the use of bronchodilators and removal of precipitating factors.
Eventually, COPD leads to development of Corpulmonale - right sided heart failure due to lung disease. Blood flow to the Lungs decreases due to alveolar damage and inflammatory changes in the surrounding blood vessels. The Lungs offer lot of resistance to blood flow and eventually, the right ventricle and right atrium enlarge, get hypertrophied and are unable to pump blood into the Lungs efficiently, thus the back pressure of blood causes pooling of blood in the peripheral systemic vasculature causing pedal, sacral oedema and liver congestion.
Such a patient can easily catch chest infection by the usual bacteria, fungus and even tuberculosis - further complicating oxygenation and ventilation- requiring BiPAP - Bilevel Positive Pressure Ventilation- to wash out the accumulated carbon dioxide and to reverse respiratory acidosis.
BiPAP mode of ventilation is a boon for such COPD patients and some can even afford to have the machine at home and sleep with BiPAP face mask attached over the nose and mouth. It has two settings instead of one in CPAP - Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation. The two settings are separately for inspiration and expiration unlike in CPAP. Initially, the inspiratory pressure is set at 15 -20 cm H2O (mbar) and the PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) at 5 cm H2O (about one fourth of the inspiratory). Actually, the problem with the CPAP was that the one setting of pressure was for both inspiration and expiration - pressure for inspiration was fine to drive in the air or oxygen but that high pressure of about 15-20 cm H2O was too high to exhale out fully. That's why CPAP was good for oxygenation but not for ventilating out the accumulated carbon dioxide. BiPAP has increased patient comfort by aiding exhalation at low pressure of say 5 cm H2O, while driving into the Lungs the air or oxygen at say 15-20 cm H2O for washing out carbon dioxide.
Once the damaged lungs (COPD) begin to damage the heart (corpulmonale), generalised oedema (anasarca) develops and atrium begins to show up fibrillation - risking blood clot formation in the atrium, which might cause pulmonary embolism.
The following drugs might be used in this clinical setting of COPD developing into Corpulmonale and catching tuberculosis; getting complicated with atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischemia and anasarca.
...AKURIT 3 TABLET is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. ... is a combination of three medicines: Rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol which treat tuberculosis.
Manufacturer: LUPIN
Composition: Ethambutol 275 MG+Isoniazid (INH) 75 MG+Rifampicin 150 MG
(IRE = Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol)
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/akurit-3-tablet-151117/amp
---------------------------------------
... Esofag L 75 mg/40 mg Capsule is used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (acid reflux). It is to be taken empty stomach. ... is a combination of two medicines: Levosulpiride and Esomeprazole.
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/esofag-l-75-mg-40-mg-capsule-153814/amp
---------------------------------
...Benadon 40 mg Tablet is a naturally occurring form of vitamin B6. (Pyridoxine)
It is used for the treatment and prevention of vitamin B6 deficiency (both drug-induced and dietary. It is also used for the treatment of anaemia in adults and for vitamin B6-dependent seizures in children.
https://www.practo.com/medicine-info/amp/benadon-40-mg-tablet-45594
--------------------------------
...Lanoxin 0.25 MG Tablet
Manufacture -Glaxosmithkline
Composition- Digoxin
It is used to treat heart failure and irregular heartbeats. It should be started at lower doses and increased gradually. Close monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate is necessary. Check the electrolytes level before initiating the treatment.
https://www.practo.com/medicine-info/amp/lanoxin-025-mg-tablet-32276
---------------------------------
...Acitrom 1 mg Tablet is an anticoagulant or blood thinner which is used in the treatment and prevention of abnormal blood clots. ...
The active ingredient in Acitrom Tablets is Acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant (also known as a “blood thinner”). It inhibits the reduction of vitamin K and interferes with functioning of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (2,7,9,10), thereby preventing formation of clots.
https://cashkaro.com/blog/acitrom-uses-dosage-side-effects-precautions-more/25801
---------------------------------
...ENOXAPARIN - INJECTION (Lovenox)
Enoxaparin is used to prevent deep venous thrombosis, a condition in which harmful blood clots form in the blood vessels of the legs.
Enoxaparin (By injection)
Prevents and treats blood clots. Also treats heart attacks. This medicine is a blood thinner. It is a type of heparin.
These blood clots can travel to the lungs and can become lodged in the blood vessels of the lungs, causing a condition called pulmonary embolism.
This medicine is used for several days after hip or knee replacement surgery.
Anticoagulant:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0010108/
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3475/enoxaparin-subcutaneous/details
---------------------------------
...Pulmocef 500 MG Tablet is an anti- biotic drug that a part of the class of medicines called cephalosporin. ...
Pulmocef 500 MG Tablet
Manufacturer: Micro Labs Ltd
Medicine composition: Cefuroxime
This broad spectrum antibiotic is useful in treating a wide variety of infections that are caused by bacteria. It is used in the treatment of conditions such as acute or chronic bronchitis, tonsillitis, Lyme disease, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, pneumonia, laryngitis, sinusitis and urinary tract infections. This drug is also used to treat bacterial infections of the throat, cervix, pelvis, urethra, skin, middle ear and nasal passage.
https://www.lybrate.com/amp/medicine/pulmocef-500-mg-tablet
---------------------------------
...Protera 40 mg Tablet is used in the treatment of acidity, peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (acid reflux). It is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
Protera 40 mg Tableticon
Lupin Ltd
Composition for Protera 40 mg Tablet Pantoprazole (40mg)
Primary uses of Protera 40 mg Tablet
Acidity, Peptic ulcer disease, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Acid reflux)
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/protera-40mg-tablet-416405/amp
---------------------------------
...Duolin Respules 2.5Ml, is a short acting adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – COPD in short and asthma.
The medication is also used for constriction of airways, lungs inflammation and other related conditions.
Duolin Respules 2.5Ml
Manufacturer: Cipla Ltd
Medicine composition: Levosalbutamol, Ipratropium
This works by relaxing smooth muscles in the bronchial tubes and thus helps in shortening or reversing an acute attack of shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing.
https://www.lybrate.com/amp/medicine/duolin-respules-2-5ml
----------------------------------
...Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2ml is used in the treatment of asthma.. It ‘dampens down’ inflammation in the lungs to provide long-term (maintenance) treatment of asthma and prevent disease progression.
Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2mlicon
Cipla Ltd
Composition for Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2mlBudesonide (0.5mg)
Primary uses of Budecort 0.5 mg Respules 2ml. Asthma
https://www.1mg.com/drugs/budecort-0.5mg-respules-2ml-351796/amp
---------------------------------
...RCINEX 600MG TABLET
Manufacturer: LUPIN
Composition: Isoniazid (INH) 300 MG+Rifampicin 600 MG
Form: TABLET
R Cinex (600mg) is an antibiotic agent, prescribed for tuberculosis (TB) either alone or with other medications. It works by killing the tubercle bacillus (TB).
This medication is an antibiotic agent, prescribed for tuberculosis (TB) either alone or with other medications.
R Cinex 600 Mg/300 Mg Tablet
R Cinex 100 Mg/50 Mg Tablet
R Cinex Suspension
https://www.myupchar.com/medicine/r-cinex-p37108990
https://www.medplusmart.com/product/RCINEX-600MG-TABLET/RCIN0007
---------------------------
COPD:
https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html
BiPAP:
https://fpnotebook.com/mobile/Lung/Procedure/Bp1.htm
Atrial Fibrillation:
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/What-is-Atrial-Fibrillation-AFib-or-AF_UCM_423748_Article.jsp#mainContent
Blood Thinners:
https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin:
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/98/15/1575
All you need to know about tuberculosis:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8856.php
cor-pulmonale:
https://www.healthline.com/health/cor-pulmonale
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