...ECG electrodes transduce the electrical signals from excitable cells. These are called bio-signals (ionic current) or bioelectric potentials. Transducers convert one energy to another energy form - ionic current to electronic current - and are used to measure and record these signals.
P.S. The recess in the disposable floating metal body surface electrode is formed from an open foam disk saturated with electrolyte gel (AgCl) over the metal (Ag) electrode.
The ECG Silver-Silver Chloride electrode is a practical and perfectly non-polarisable electrode in which current passes freely across the electrode-electrolyte interface, requiring no energy to make the transition and there are no over-potentials.
It consists of a metal (Ag) coated with a layer of slightly soluble ionic compound (AgCl) of that metal with a suitable electrolyte anion (Cl-) saturated with AgCl, into which the whole structure is immersed.
Chloride (Cl-) is the principal anion to maintain good contact with the skin. Alternatively, electrode cream is used, which contains Chloride and it has the consistency of a hand lotion.
In order to reduce motion artifact due to double layer of charge at the electrode-electrolyte interface, floating electrodes are used to stabilise mechanically.
The actual electrode element or metal disk is recessed in a cavity such that the metal disk does not come in contact with the skin; instead, the metal disk is immersed in electrolyte gel (Ag-AgCl) in the cavity. Thus, the electrode-electrolyte interface is mechanically stabilised within the cavity and so the double layer of charge at the electrode-electrolyte interface does not move to produce artifact. The electrolyte gel-skin (epidermis) interface is stabilised by adhesive-tape ring. These floating electrodes are quite stable and are suitable for many usage.
The ionic bio-signals transduced by the ECG electrodes into electrical current are analysed mathematically using Fourier Transform method into waveform and the derived numerals.
Bodysurface Electrodes:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Examples-of-floating-metal-bodysurface-electrodes-a-Recessed-electrode-with-top-hat_fig9_303471005
Bio-Signals and Transducers:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303471005_Bio-Signals_and_Transducers
Electrocardiogram Signal Analysis - An Overview
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rajni_Rajni2/publication/272863992_Electrocardiogram_Signal_Analysis_-_An_Overview/links/58125bab08ae8414914a2497/Electrocardiogram-Signal-Analysis-An-Overview.pdf
Learn To Read Electrocardiograms
By Watching Video Tutorials:
http://www.ecgacademy.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwz93cBRCrARIsAEFbWsjosPASj_UalxjPaaaHljiZ7NKTJWLtE1yIAf7i6q4ndVZgNcQIy8UaAhnnEALw_wcB
P.S. The recess in the disposable floating metal body surface electrode is formed from an open foam disk saturated with electrolyte gel (AgCl) over the metal (Ag) electrode.
The ECG Silver-Silver Chloride electrode is a practical and perfectly non-polarisable electrode in which current passes freely across the electrode-electrolyte interface, requiring no energy to make the transition and there are no over-potentials.
It consists of a metal (Ag) coated with a layer of slightly soluble ionic compound (AgCl) of that metal with a suitable electrolyte anion (Cl-) saturated with AgCl, into which the whole structure is immersed.
Chloride (Cl-) is the principal anion to maintain good contact with the skin. Alternatively, electrode cream is used, which contains Chloride and it has the consistency of a hand lotion.
In order to reduce motion artifact due to double layer of charge at the electrode-electrolyte interface, floating electrodes are used to stabilise mechanically.
The actual electrode element or metal disk is recessed in a cavity such that the metal disk does not come in contact with the skin; instead, the metal disk is immersed in electrolyte gel (Ag-AgCl) in the cavity. Thus, the electrode-electrolyte interface is mechanically stabilised within the cavity and so the double layer of charge at the electrode-electrolyte interface does not move to produce artifact. The electrolyte gel-skin (epidermis) interface is stabilised by adhesive-tape ring. These floating electrodes are quite stable and are suitable for many usage.
The ionic bio-signals transduced by the ECG electrodes into electrical current are analysed mathematically using Fourier Transform method into waveform and the derived numerals.
Bodysurface Electrodes:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Examples-of-floating-metal-bodysurface-electrodes-a-Recessed-electrode-with-top-hat_fig9_303471005
Bio-Signals and Transducers:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303471005_Bio-Signals_and_Transducers
Electrocardiogram Signal Analysis - An Overview
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rajni_Rajni2/publication/272863992_Electrocardiogram_Signal_Analysis_-_An_Overview/links/58125bab08ae8414914a2497/Electrocardiogram-Signal-Analysis-An-Overview.pdf
Learn To Read Electrocardiograms
By Watching Video Tutorials:
http://www.ecgacademy.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwz93cBRCrARIsAEFbWsjosPASj_UalxjPaaaHljiZ7NKTJWLtE1yIAf7i6q4ndVZgNcQIy8UaAhnnEALw_wcB
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